After having fun with a powerful rebound in gross sales in 2023, the auto trade seems headed for slower progress this 12 months as shoppers wrestle with elevated rates of interest and excessive costs for brand new automobiles and light-weight vehicles.

Edmunds, a market researcher, expects the trade to promote 15.7 million automobiles this 12 months. That may quantity to a modest improve from the 15.5 million offered final 12 months, when gross sales jumped 12 %.

“There’s positively pent-up demand on the market, as a result of individuals have been holding off purchases for some time,” stated Jessica Caldwell, head of insights at Edmunds. “However given the credit score scenario, we don’t suppose the trade will see a ton of progress this 12 months.”

Because the coronavirus pandemic, automakers have struggled with shortages of vital elements which have prevented them from producing as many automobiles as shoppers wished to purchase. In 2023, the shortages, particularly for laptop chips, lastly eased, permitting manufacturing to return to extra regular ranges.

However over the previous 12 months, the Federal Reserve has considerably raised rates of interest, which has pushed up prices significantly for automotive consumers.

For years, many individuals took benefit of zero-percent loans to purchase automobiles, at the same time as costs climbed. However such offers, supplied by automakers to maneuver stock, have almost disappeared within the wake of the Fed’s price hikes. Within the fourth quarter of 2023, new-vehicle gross sales with zero-percent financing accounted for simply 2.3 % of all gross sales, in accordance with Edmunds.

Month-to-month funds are at near-record highs. Within the fourth quarter, the typical month-to-month cost on new automobiles was $739, up from $717 in the identical interval a 12 months in the past.

A number of automakers had been hoping {that a} speedy rise in gross sales of latest electrical automobiles would drive the trade to good points into 2024 and 2025, however these automobiles and vehicles haven’t taken off fairly as shortly as many analysts and executives had hoped.

In 2023, gross sales of battery-powered fashions in america topped a million automobiles for the primary time, and Cox Automotive, one other analysis agency, expects gross sales to succeed in 1.5 million this 12 months. However Basic Motors, Ford Motor, Volkswagen and different producers had been anticipating a fair sooner ramp-up.

However shoppers have balked on the excessive costs of lots of the latest electrical fashions. Many drivers are additionally reluctant to make the change to battery energy, as a result of they aren’t positive they may be capable of discover sufficient locations to shortly refuel. That has pressured automakers to reset their plans.

G.M. had as soon as forecast it could produce 400,000 electrical automobiles by the center of 2024 however now has given up that focus on, and it has delayed the manufacturing of some electrical fashions.

Ford had been aiming to have sufficient manufacturing unit capability by the tip of 2024 to make 600,000 battery-powered automobiles a 12 months, however it just lately lowered manufacturing plans for its electrical F-150 Lightning and its electrical sport-utility car, the Mustang Mach-E.

On Wednesday, G.M. stated that its gross sales of latest automobiles in america jumped 14 % final 12 months. The corporate offered 2.6 million automobiles and light-weight vehicles in 2023, up from 2.3 million in 2022, when the chip scarcity restricted manufacturing.

G.M. offered about 76,000 electrical automobiles, up from 39,000 in 2022. However most had been Chevrolet Bolts, a mannequin that the corporate just lately stopped making. Solely about 13,000 had been car primarily based on newer battery know-how that G.M. had been hoping would make its electrical automobiles inexpensive to many extra automotive consumers.

Gross sales for G.M. within the fourth quarter had been comparatively weak. They climbed simply 0.3 % from the identical interval a 12 months earlier and had been down 7 % in contrast with the third quarter of 2023. The corporate stated the gross sales of a number of essential fashions had been restricted by a strike at a few of its crops by the United Car Employees union.

Individually, Toyota Motor, the second largest vendor of automobiles in america after G.M., stated its 2023 gross sales rose 7 %, to 2.2 million automobiles. The corporate’s gross sales within the fourth quarter had been 15.4 % increased than in the identical quarter a 12 months in the past and about 5 % increased than within the third quarter.

Stellantis, the maker of Chrysler, Ram and Jeep automobiles, stated that it offered 1.5 million automobiles and vehicles in 2023, about 1 % lower than the 12 months earlier than. The corporate plans to introduce eight new electrical automobiles this 12 months, and it goals to have battery-powered fashions account for half of its North American gross sales by the tip of the last decade.

Honda, Hyundai and Kia additionally on Wednesday reported sturdy U.S. gross sales for 2023 And on Tuesday, Tesla, which dominates the electrical automotive enterprise in america, stated it offered 1.8 million automobiles worldwide final 12 months, up 38 % from 2022.

Ford is anticipated to report its gross sales whole on Thursday.